In Montessori classrooms, mathematics is introduced through concrete, hands-on materials that help children understand abstract concepts with ease. Using tools such as Number Rods, Golden Beads, and other specialized apparatus, children explore numbers, quantity, and the decimal system in a tangible way.

These activities allow children to grasp place value, the role of zero, one-to-one correspondence, and the comparison of greater and smaller quantities. By working with real objects and counting in tens and multiples, they develop a true understanding of number relationships before moving on to abstract symbols or rote memorization.

This approach not only builds strong mathematical foundations but also nurtures logical thinking, problem-solving, and a genuine enjoyment of working with numbers.